Climate and Average Weather Year Round in city, state

Sun

In City, the longest day of the year is —, with about — of daylight.

The shortest day in City falls on —, lasting only — of daylight.

How this is calculated: Based on the location’s latitude and longitude, we determine the local time zone and calculate daily sunrise and sunset times using a solar position algorithm. The difference between sunset and sunrise gives the day length. Repeating this process for every day of the year allows us to identify the longest and shortest days for that location.

Sunshine Hours

In city, month with most sunshine hours is Month. Month with lowest sunshine hours in city is, . For city, total annual sunshine hours are .

Sunshine hours (or Sunshine duration) per day are estimated by counting the time when direct sunlight (measured as Direct Normal Irradiance, or DNI) exceeds 120 W/m², following the World Meteorological Organization standard. Sunshine hours are calculated only during daylight and are averaged over many years to capture long-term patterns.

The DNI data come from the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), which combines satellite observations from the GOES weather satellites with its Physical Solar Model (PSM) to estimate surface radiation, accounting for factors such as clouds, haze, and aerosols across the United States.

In everyday terms, this represents the average amount of daily sunlight a location receives — often described as "hours of sun per day," "average daily sunlight," "sunlight daily," or simply the number of "sunny days" in a year. These measures all capture how bright and sunny a place really feels across the seasons.

Tracking sunshine hours and number of sunny days can also highlight areas with limited daylight, which is especially important for people managing Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). This information is also a practical guide when comparing climates, planning a move, choosing a vacation spot, or avoiding long, gloomy winters.

In the chart below, each day is represented as a 24-hour cycle, divided into sunshine hours, cloudy daylight hours, and night. For example, if a location had 10 hours of daylight and 6 of those were sunny, the chart would show 6 hours of sunshine, 4 hours of cloudy daylight, and the remaining 14 hours as night.

Sunshine Percentage

In city, month with most sunshine percentage is Month. Month with lowest sunshine percentage in city is, .

Sunshine percentage is calculated by comparing the actual sunshine hours in a day to the maximum possible daylight hours (based on the sun’s position at that longitude/latitude and time of year). For example, if a location had 6 hours of sunshine during a 10-hour day, the sunshine percentage would be 60%. This gives an easy-to-understand measure of how much of the available daylight was truly sunny.

Unlike cloud cover data, which represent average conditions over the full 24-hour day (including night), sunshine percentage looks only at the daylight hours. This makes it a more practical measure for everyday use — whether it’s tracking seasonal changes in sunlight to manage Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), planning outdoor activities, choosing travel destinations, or simply finding places that avoid long stretches of gloomy weather.

Number of Days of Sunshine

In this section, we estimate the number of days that qualify as sunny or partly sunny based on the percentage of daily sunshine. A day is considered sunny when more than 75% of the possible daylight hours receive sunshine, while a day is considered partly sunny when sunshine is between 50% and 75% of daylight hours.

These counts are calculated from daily sunshine percentage data and then summarized for each month of the year. The monthly tables make it easy to see how often sunny and partly sunny conditions occur throughout the seasons, giving a practical picture of local climate patterns.

This information can be useful for a variety of purposes—such as evaluating seasonal comfort for outdoor activities, planning travel to avoid gloomy weather, or assessing the potential benefits for solar energy and well-being (e.g., in relation to SAD).

experiences days per year with at least 50% sunshine. Out of these, days are mostly clear with sunshine above 75%.

Solar Energy

In city, month with most solar energy is Month. Month with lowest solar energy in city is, .

Solar energy here refers to the total shortwave radiation (sunlight) reaching the ground, measured as Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI). It combines both direct and diffuse sunlight scattered by the atmosphere. Hourly GHI values are converted into daily energy (in kWh/m²) by summing the radiation over each day.

The GHI data come from the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), which uses its Physical Solar Model (PSM) together with satellite observations from the GOES weather satellites. The model first calculates the theoretical amount of solar radiation based on the Sun’s position for a given location and time. It then adjusts those values using satellite measurements of real-world conditions — such as clouds, haze, smoke, and aerosols — that block or scatter sunlight. To highlight reliable patterns rather than day-to-day weather noise, the results are averaged over many years.

In everyday terms, GHI reflects the total amount of sunlight energy available at a location — a measure often used to understand seasonal changes in daily sunlight, compare how sunny different places are, or evaluate solar power potential.